PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF AN OPTIMIZED PID CONTROLLER AND ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM
Anil Kadu, Sandesh Rathod, Prathamesh Vadde, Vaidehi Babar, Neeraj Pathak
Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract— A comparative exploration between PID optimizing techniques and advanced liquid level controls for process industries is provided in this paper. In process industries, ensuring accurate fluid level measurement is necessary for the system’s safety and efficiency. In this paper two advanced control strategies (Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC)) will be compared with optimized PID controllers using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). The PID control of a second-order control model of a single-tank will be simulated, as well as evaluated using real-time experiments. The time domain parameters to be analysed will include rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error for the various controllers. Results indicate ADRC outperforms PID in terms of disturbance rejection (minimal overshoot and a settling time around 20 seconds). Alternatively, the use of GWO or GA, in optimally tuning a PID controller, will greatly reduce the steady-state error compared to traditional tuning methodologies, showing that advanced control systems are more robust and perform better overall than traditional liquid level control systems.
Keywords— ADRC, MRAC, PID Optimization, PSO, GA, GWO, SA, Advanced Control, Liquid Level Control
VOLUME 10 ISSUE 03 2026: 249 – 267